Burginvest

Margin

マージン(証拠金) Rules & Regulations ✓ Verified Citations Institutional / Regulatory Framework
<Definition> Margin refers to the asset or amount of money a party deposits as collateral against the risks it bears in a trade or extension of credit — price movement, default, and the like — in order to maintain that trade or credit. Margin is not a term confined to financial markets; it originally meant an "edge, boundary, or spare space," and from there broadened to mean the leeway allowed for unforeseen or exceptional circumstances, or the boundary beyond which something can no longer be sustained.
Definition of MarginThe general meaning of "boundary/spare space" broadens into the financial-market sense of Margin as collateral Main body (what is sustained) margin (spare space) meaning extends Collat. Margin (collateral) General sense: boundary, spare space Financial markets: collateral against risk

In financial markets, a Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) rule of 1865 established a system requiring a fixed percentage of the contract price to be deposited as margin on time contracts, formally codifying the margin system for futures trading as an exchange rule. Later, in Markham v. Jaudon (1869), a stock margin-lending case, a customer's practice of depositing 10% of a stock's value as margin while the broker advanced the remaining purchase funds was recognized, with the purchased stock treated as security for the funds the broker had advanced (Markham v. Jaudon, 1869). In today's markets, Cboe materials treat margin as the funds or collateral required in margin lending, and as the collateral needed to secure future performance obligations in options trading. Later still, under Section 7 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) was granted authority to regulate credit extended for the purchase or carrying of securities. The FRB adopted Regulation T, setting rules for margin and credit extension in margin lending, and in doing so institutionalized Margin as a subject of public financial regulation. [1][2][3][4][6][7]

日本語
<定義> Margin(マージン/証拠金)とは、取引や信用供与を維持するために、当事者が負う価格変動・債務不履行等のリスクに対する担保として差し入れる資産・金額をいう。Marginは金融市場だけで用いられる言葉ではなく、もともとは「端・境界・余白」を意味する語であり、そこから、不測の事態や特別な状況に備えて認められる余裕、あるいは何かを維持できなくなる境界を表す意味へ広がった。

金融市場では、1865年のChicago Board of Trade(CBOT)の規則において、time contractsについて契約価格の一定割合をmarginとして預託する制度が設けられ、先物取引における証拠金制度が取引所の制度として明文化された。その後、1869年のMarkham v. Jaudonでは、株式信用取引において、顧客が株式価値の10%をmarginとして差し入れ、ブローカーが残りの購入資金を提供する用法が確認されている。購入された株式は、ブローカーが供与した資金に対する担保として扱われた(Markham v. Jaudon, 1869)。さらに現代の金融市場では、Cboeの資料において、marginは信用取引における資金・担保や、オプション取引において将来の義務を履行するために必要な担保として扱われている。その後、1934年のSecurities Exchange Act第7条に基づき、連邦準備制度理事会(FRB)に証券の購入・保有のために供与される信用を規制する権限が付与された。FRBはRegulation Tを制定し、信用取引における証拠金・信用供与に関する規則を定めることで、Marginは公的な金融規制の対象として制度化された。[1][2][3][4][6][7]

<Mechanism>

Mechanism of Margin (overview)Flow from depositing collateral at trade inception, through market price movement and reassessment of collateral levels, to continuation or additional collateral/liquidation Initial margin deposited Market price moves Collateral level reassessed ✓ Level held → continue ✕ Level breached → add collateral or liquidate

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